7 research outputs found
Multimessenger Astrophysics of Pulsars in Extreme Mass Ratio Systems
The detection of a millisecond pulsar (MSP) in a short, relativistic orbit around a massive astrophysical black hole - such as those found in the Galactic centre or in the centre of Globular clusters - would allow for precision tests of fundamental physics and astrophysics in the gravitational strong-field regime. The radio timing signals from these systems are subject to a slew of non-linear, relativistic and astrophysical effects. Therefore, in order to both detect these systems, and use them as a natural, precision apparatus for scientific tests, it is essential to be able to model the theoretical signal in a way that is applicable to the strong-field regimes that these systems inhabit. The development of such a relativistic timing framework is the primary focus of this thesis. This formulation can then self-consistently and accurately calculate the timing signal in the gravitational strong-field from an MSP in a general orbit around a supermassive or intermediate mass black hole. In the latter part of the thesis I explore the prospects for detecting gravitational wave signals from these MSP Extreme Mass Ratio Systems. The observation of gravitational radiation in conjunction with the electromagnetic pulsar radio signal would enable multimessenger astronomy of the gravitational strong-field. Finally I explore the signature of beyond-GR effects in the pulsar timing signal via a modification of the black hole quadrupole moment
Pulsar timing in extreme mass ratio binaries: a general relativistic approach
The detection of a pulsar (PSR) in a tight, relativistic orbit around a
supermassive or intermediate mass black hole - such as those in the Galactic
centre or in the centre of Globular clusters - would allow for precision tests
of general relativity (GR) in the strong-field, non-linear regime. We present a
framework for calculating the theoretical time-frequency signal from a PSR in
such an Extreme Mass Ratio Binary (EMRB). This framework is entirely
relativistic with no weak-field approximations and so able to account for all
higher-order strong-field gravitational effects, relativistic spin dynamics,
the convolution with astrophysical effects and the combined impact on the PSR
timing signal. Specifically we calculate both the spacetime path of the pulsar
radio signal and the complex orbital and spin dynamics of a spinning pulsar
around a Kerr black hole, accounting for spacetime curvature and frame
dragging, relativistic and gravitational time delay, gravitational light
bending, temporal and spatial dispersion induced by the presence of plasma
along the line of sight and relativistic aberration. This then allows for a
consistent time-frequency solution to be generated. Such a framework is key for
assessing the use of PSR as probes of strong field GR, helping to inform the
detection of an EMRB system hosting a PSR and, most essentially, for providing
an accurate theoretical basis to then compare with observations to test
fundamental physics.Comment: 19 pages, 15 Figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Gravitational Burst Radiation from Pulsars in the Galactic centre and stellar clusters
Pulsars (PSRs) orbiting intermediate or supermassive black holes at the
centre of galaxies and globular clusters are known as Extreme Mass Ratio
Binaries (EMRBs) and have been identified as precision probes of strong-field
GR. For appropriate orbital parameters, some of these systems may also emit
gravitational radiation in a `burst-like' pattern. The observation of this
burst radiation in conjunction with the electromagnetic radio timing signal
would allow for multimessenger astronomy in strong-field gravitational regimes.
In this work we investigate gravitational radiation from these PSR-EMRBs,
calculating the waveforms and SNRs and explore the influence of this GW on the
pulsar radio signal. We find that for typical PSR-EMRBs, gravitational burst
radiation should be detectable from both the Galactic centre and the centre of
stellar clusters, and that this radiation will not meaningfully affect the
pulsar timing signal, allowing PSR-EMRB to remain `clean' test-beds of
strong-field GR.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Orbital spin dynamics of a millisecond pulsar around a massive black hole with an general mass quadrupole
We investigate the spin dynamics of a millisecond pulsar (MSP) in compact
orbit around a Kerr-like massive black hole with an general mass quadrupole. We
use the Mathisson-Papetrou-Dixon formulation to compute the orbital and spin
evolution of the MSP, accounting for the non-linear interaction of the pulsar's
energy-momentum tensor on the background spacetime metric. We investigate how
the MSP spin and BH quadrupole moment manifest in the pulsar spin-orbital
dynamics. We discuss the astrophysical observational implications of these spin
and orbital dynamics on the timing of a radio pulsar in an Extreme Mass Ratio
Binary, e.g. a Galactic Centre pulsar. In particular, notable timing variations
in the Einstein delay and Roemer delay are observed, along with modifications
to the pulsar pulse profile.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Deep learning for quality control of surface physiographic fields using satellite Earth observations
A purposely built deep learning algorithm for the Verification of
Earth-System ParametERisation (VESPER) is used to assess recent upgrades of the
global physiographic datasets underpinning the quality of the Integrated
Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts (ECMWF), which is used both in numerical weather prediction and
climate reanalyses. A neural network regression model is trained to learn the
mapping between the surface physiographic dataset plus the meteorology from
ERA5, and the MODIS satellite skin temperature observations. Once trained, this
tool is applied to rapidly assess the quality of upgrades of the land-surface
scheme. Upgrades which improve the prediction accuracy of the machine learning
tool indicate a reduction of the errors in the surface fields used as input to
the surface parametrisation schemes. Conversely, incorrect specifications of
the surface fields decrease the accuracy with which VESPER can make
predictions. We apply VESPER to assess the accuracy of recent upgrades of the
permanent lake and glaciers covers as well as planned upgrades to represent
seasonally varying water bodies (i.e. ephemeral lakes). We show that for
grid-cells where the lake fields have been updated, the prediction accuracy in
the land surface temperature (i.e mean absolute error difference between
updated and original physiographic datasets) improves by 0.37 K on average,
whilst for the subset of points where the lakes have been exchanged for bare
ground (or vice versa) the improvement is 0.83 K. We also show that updates to
the glacier cover improve the prediction accuracy by 0.22 K. We highlight how
neural networks such as VESPER can assist the research and development of
surface parameterizations and their input physiography to better represent
Earth's surface couples processes in weather and climate models.Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures. Submitted to Hydrology and Earth System
Sciences (HESS
Toward Machine-learning-based Metastudies: Applications to Cosmological Parameters
We develop a new model for automatic extraction of reported measurement values from the astrophysical literature, utilizing modern natural language processing techniques. We use this model to extract measurements present in the abstracts of the approximately 248,000 astrophysics articles from the arXiv repository, yielding a database containing over 231,000 astrophysical numerical measurements. Furthermore, we present an online interface ( Numerical Atlas ) to allow users to query and explore this database, based on parameter names and symbolic representations, and download the resulting data sets for their own research uses. To illustrate potential use cases, we then collect values for nine different cosmological parameters using this tool. From these results, we can clearly observe the historical trends in the reported values of these quantities over the past two decades and see the impacts of landmark publications on our understanding of cosmology